Which condition results when the fetal neural tube does not fuse properly, leaving the spinal cord exposed?

• A. Hydrocephalus
• B. Myelomeningocele
• C. Spina Bifida
• D. Cerebral Palsy

Answer: (C)

When the neural tube fails to close during early fetal development, a spinal defect can occur. Spina bifida is the umbrella term for this condition, describing incomplete fusion of the vertebral arches. In the more severe forms, the spinal cord and its coverings can protrude through the opening, leaving neural tissue exposed. This specific presentation is most classically described as myelomeningocele, which is a form of Spina Bifida. So, the broader diagnosis is Spina Bifida, with the exposed spinal cord scenario representing its severe form. The other options refer to different conditions: hydrocephalus is excess fluid buildup in the brain and can accompany Spina Bifida but isn’t the spinal defect itself, and cerebral palsy is a motor disability resulting from brain injury rather than a spinal defect.